Definition Of Endemic Disease And Examples

Endemic disease is an epidemic of disease common to people in a community or a specific population. Endemic diseases are also a contagious infection to people and the number is increasing continuously. The kinds of endemic diseases include, as follows.

1. Anthrax disease

Anthrax is an animal disease that can be contagious in humans and is acute. The cause is the bacterium Bacillus Anthracis. Transmission can be through direct contact with spores present in soil, plants, or parts of the animal itself (such as skin, flesh, bone or blood). Anthrax disease includes a group of diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans (zoonosis). The disease most commonly affects livestock such as cattle, goats, horses and pigs. If the environmental situation is suitable for the growth of germs (eg puddles), then Bacillus Anthracis will readily appear and attack animals and are latent danger (a condition where it is very dangerous if it actually happens because it can infect livestock and cause transmission to humans).

Prevention:

• Avoid direct contact with foodstuffs from animals suspected of being anthraxic.
• Wash hands with soap before eating.
• Wash fruits or vegetables before eating.
• Cook the meat until cooked perfectly.
• Vaccinate anthrax in a selective way (through the selection process).

2. Malaria disease

Malaria is an infectious disease that not only affects humans but other living things such as poultry, primate animals (eg monkeys, chimpanzees), reptiles (eg snakes, lizards) and even rodents (eg, rats, hedgehogs). Epidemiologically, malaria infections against humans can attack regardless of age and sex because of transmission of malaria is an infectious disease transmitted through Anopheles mosquito bites that carry unicellular microorganisms in the form of parasitic protozoa belonging to the plasmodium class. Symptoms are a shivering fever, pale face, and enlargement of organs.

Factors that can lead to the spread of malaria include:

• Rapid population growth.
• Migration.
• Poor sanitation (no clean living culture).
• New land clearing.

Prevention:

• Wearing mosquito repellent.
• Always keep the environment clean.

3. Chikungunya disease

Chikungunya is a disease similar to flu. Symptoms are:

• Fever.
• Fatigue or cold heat.
• Feeling pain in some parts like the bsok of the eyes, stomach, or muscles.
• Headache.
• Skin rash (a condition in which the skin is characterized by irritation, swelling or bloating of the skin characterized by red, itchy, scaly, hardened skin or a blistering lump on the skin).

But there are also typical symptoms of joint inflammation and sometimes bleeding (a condition in which the body or blood vessels are damaged, causing the blood to flow freely inside or outside the body) lightly. Chikungunya generally occur within 3-7 days. Chikungunya sufferers generally bend because his body is sick due to inflammation of the joints. The cause of chikungunya disease is chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes Aegypti).

Prevention:

• Always clean the home environment, so the home environment will not be a breeding ground for mosquitoes, so that the effort has been done can free ourselves from mosquitoes (Aedes Aegypti).
• Check the house and neighborhood, at least once a week to ensure that no mosquito breeding (Aedes Aegypti).
• Immediately checked into the nearest hospital if experiencing signs and symptoms of chikungunya disease.

4. Dengue fever

Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness caused by dengue virus, which enters the human bloodstream through mosquito bites of the genus Aedes, such as Aedes Aegypti or Aedes Albopictus. The main cause of dengue fever is dengue virus, which is a virus originating from the Flaviviridae family.

Prevention:

• Cleaning sewerage, drainage and garbage.
• Bury all used goods that can be a place for the habitat of mosquito larva.
• Always keep the environment clean.

5. Diarrhea disease

Diarrhea is a disease characterized by the condition of the stool (excrement) issued by a person turning into a soft or liquid that usually occurs at least three times in 24 hours (1 day). Diarrhea is mostly caused by some viral infections, but it is also often caused by bacterial toxins. Factors that can affect diarrhea are:

• Nutrition in the environment and population.
• Social economic education and community behavior.
• Intestinal inflammation caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites (worms, fungi, protozoa), food or beverage poisoning caused by bacteria or chemicals, lack of nutrition, milk allergies, or immuno deficiency (conditions where the ability of the immune system to fight disease and the infection is interrupted or weakened).
• Excessive alcohol consumption, especially in people who do not eat enough.

Symptoms that usually occur is a continuous bowel movements accompanied by prolonged heartburn, dehydration, nausea and vomiting. But other symptoms that can arise are sore on the back, and the stomach that often makes a sound.

Prevention:

• Wash hands with soap before eating.
• Wash hands with soap after defecation.
• Try to drink water that is worth to drink or water that has been boiled to boil so that all the bacteria that cause disease does not enter the body.
• Immediately clean the dwelling place from the waste.
• Immediately remove the garbage pile so as not to mount (pile up) and become a den of disease.

6. Bird flu disease

Bird flu is an infectious disease caused by influenza virus. The virus is transmitted through livestock such as chickens, ducks, birds and poultry. In addition, the virus lives in the gastrointestinal tract and is secreted with feces. Transmission occurs from the dirt orally or through the respiratory tract.

Symptoms of avian influenza are characterized by conditions such as common colds, which are indicated by cough, fever, weakness, headache, muscle aches, tightness, runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath sometimes accompanied by diarrhea, but the condition rapidly decreases dramatically. Heavier attacks are generally accompanied by sore throat and nausea. The flu incubation period lasts about 1-2 days.

Prevention:

• Wash hands with soap and running water before and after doing a thing.
• Keep the environment clean.
• Diligent self-cleaning.
• Use special masks or goggles when dealing with animals susceptible to bird flu.
• Burn or plant poultry droppings.
• Washing the tools used for livestock using disinfectant.
• Eat cooked poultry meat at 8000 degrees Celsius for one minute, while poultry eggs are heated to 6400 degrees Celsius for five minutes.

7. Tuberculosis (TB)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). Most of these diseases attack the lungs, but can also attack other organs. Transmission through positive tuberculosis patients. At the time of coughing or sneezing, the patient spread the germs in the form of sputum splashes. Sputum sparks containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria can survive in the air at room temperature for several hours. A person may become infected if the air is breathed into the respiratory tract.

Common symptoms of this disease is a persistent cough and phlegm for three weeks or even more, sputum mixed with blood, coughing up blood, shortness of breath and pain in the chest, weak body, decreased appetite, weight loss, body feels less healthy, sweat out at night despite not doing activities that can cause sweat and fever more than a month.

Prevention:

• No spitting anywhere.
• When there is someone who wants to cough or sneeze, then we should cover our mouths with hands to keep ourselves and avoid the transmission of tuberculosis.
• Keep a safe distance to positive tuberculosis patients.
• Body health should be kept so that the immune system is always awake and strong.
• Fulfill your rest time and avoid staying up late because the effects of staying up will weaken the immune system.
• Exercise regularly and maintain your diet with nutritious foods to keep your body healthy.
• For infants, do immunizations.

Well, that's a review of "Definition of endemic disease and examples". I apologize if there is a mistake in the meaning of the word. Hopefully this article useful and can bring a good influence.